Tennessee Research International of Social Sciences
Editor in Chief: James Lee ISSN (online): 2766-7464 Frequency: Bi-Annually
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A comparative study of mental toughness between students of school of physical education and school of education of DAVV, Indore
Mental toughness isn’t being macho, uncaring, or self-centred; it is about being tough in the sense of not giving up and being confident that you can prevail, even if the odds are stacked against you. The purpose of the present study was to compare the difference of Mental Toughness between Students of School of Physical Education and School of Education of DAVV, Indore. The sample for the present study consists of 30 students from School of Physical Education and 30 students from School of Education and their age ranges from 18 to 25 years. The Mental Toughness of Students of School of Physical Education and School of Education were measured through MENTAL TOUGHNESS QUESTIONNAIRE (2004) developed by ALAN GOLDBERG. The criterion measure for the testing hypothesis in this study is the total scores obtained in the questionnaire. The score of the subjects of School of Physical Education and School of Education of DAVV, were analyzed by calculating the Data applied to Descriptive Statistics Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test were used in order to find out the Significance Difference to compare. The result has shown that there is Significance Difference between Students of School of Physical Education and School of Education of DAVV Indore in Mental Toughness through MENTAL TOUGHNESS QUESTIONNAIRE.
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Risk mitigation strategies in Cut Chrysanthemum farming: Evidence from “Agro Pudak Lestari” Farm, Bali
Cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum) farming is a high-value horticultural agribusiness activity with significant potential to increase farmers’ income and promote value-added agribusiness development (Jaskani & Khan, 2021). However, this farming activity is exposed to various production, market, financial, and environmental risks due to its dependence on living organisms as well as external factors such as climate variability and pest and disease attacks (Theuvsen, 2013). This study aims to identify and analyze risks and to formulate risk mitigation strategies in cut chrysanthemum farming at the Agro Pudak Lestari Ornamental Plant Farmers Group, Pancasari Village, Buleleng Regency. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to prioritize risks based on the Risk Priority Number (RPN) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine priority risk mitigation strategies. The results indicate that production risk is the main priority, particularly risks related to pest and disease attacks and climate variability. The prioritized mitigation strategies include strengthening pest and disease control, using high-quality seedlings, improving cultivation management practices, and enhancing marketing partnerships.
Digital tax administration and corporate tax compliance: Evidence from the Post-E-Filing Era
This study aims to explore how digital tax administration influences corporate tax compliance in the post e-filing era by focusing on organizational processes, perceptions of transparency, and risk management strategies. Using a qualitative multiple case study approach, data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with corporate tax managers, finance officers, tax consultants, and tax officials in an emerging economy. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and underlying mechanisms shaping compliance behavior. The findings reveal that digital tax administration fundamentally reconfigures corporate compliance processes by embedding tax obligations into digitally structured workflows. Digital systems enhance transparency and traceability, leading to increased procedural compliance and heightened awareness of audit risks. However, they also generate psychological pressure and operational challenges, including system instability, data integration issues, and capability gaps. Furthermore, digitalization encourages firms to adopt proactive risk management strategies, transforming tax compliance from a reactive obligation into a strategic organizational function. This study contributes to the digital taxation literature by providing in-depth qualitative evidence on the socio-organizational implications of tax digitalization. The findings offer practical insights for policymakers and corporate leaders to design more effective, trustworthy, and sustainable digital tax systems that support long-term compliance.
How does role overload effect burnout: The mediating role of job stress?
This study aims to analyze and explain the effect of role overload on burnout, with job stress as a mediating variable among lecturers at Primakara University. The conceptual framework of this study is grounded in the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) Theory, which assumes that job demands exceeding an individual’s capacity can trigger work-related exhaustion. This research employs a quantitative explanatory design and uses a census method involving all active lecturers at Primakara University, totaling 100 respondents. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results indicate that role overload has a positive and significant effect on job stress and also exerts a significant direct effect on burnout. Furthermore, job stress is proven to act as a partial mediator (complementary partial mediation) that strengthens the effect of role overload on burnout. These findings suggest that the higher the role overload experienced by lecturers, the higher the level of job stress, which ultimately leads to more severe burnout. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that efforts to address burnout among lecturers should begin with the rational management of role demands. Based on these findings, the management of Primakara University is advised to conduct periodic evaluations of workload distribution, clarify job descriptions to minimize role ambiguity, and provide psychological support programs to mitigate job stress in order to maintain lecturers’ productivity and well-being within the institution.
An analysis of rice farming sustainability in the Subak irrigation system, Bali
Subak, as Bali’s traditional irrigation management system based on the Tri Hita Karana philosophy, faces sustainability challenges amid rapid urbanization and climate change. This study aims to analyze the sustainability status, sensitive attributes, and improvement scenarios for the sustainability of rice seed farming in Subak Sembung. This research employs both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to key informants, while qualitative data were derived from surveys and in-depth interviews with key informants. The data sources consist of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from the interpretation of questionnaire responses, whereas secondary data were collected from relevant literature and regulatory documents. The analytical method used in this study is Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis (MSA), and the results are presented using descriptive–narrative analysis. The findings indicate that the sustainability index value of rice farming in Subak Sembung is 66.43, which falls within the sustainable category. Sensitive attributes in the ecological aspect include the use of organic fertilizers. In the economic aspect, the sensitive attribute is the average size of farmers’ landholdings. In the socio-cultural aspect, the sensitive attribute is farmer regeneration participation (farmers under 40 years old). In the institutional aspect, the sensitive attribute is the presence of farmer cooperative institutions. In the technological aspect, the sensitive attribute is the condition of irrigation water channels. Improvement scenarios show that increasing the sustainability index of rice farming in Subak Sembung from 66.43 (sustainable) leads to an increase to the very sustainable category, while the second scenario results in an increase from 86.76 (very sustainable) to 95.58 (very sustainable). The study concludes that the sustainability status of rice farming in Subak Sembung is categorized as sustainable. It is recommended that sustainability be optimized by focusing on the main sensitive attributes, particularly within the ecological aspect, through the application of solid organic fertilizers on Subak Sembung rice fields.
Sustainability analysis of watermelon farming in Subak Intaran Barat, Bali
This study aims to analyze the multidimensional sustainability status of watermelon farming in Subak Intaran Barat, identify sensitive attributes influencing sustainability, and formulate adaptive and sustainable development scenarios. The study adopts a descriptive quantitative approach using the Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis (MSA) method. Sustainability is assessed across five main dimensions: economic, social, ecological, institutional, and technological aspects. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, field observations, and document analysis. The analysis was conducted to determine the sustainability index, sustainability status position, and the most influential sensitive attributes affecting changes in the sustainability status of watermelon farming. The results are expected to indicate that the sustainability of watermelon farming in Subak Intaran Barat is not solely determined by economic profitability, but also by the strength of Subak institutions, farmers’ social participation, ecological pressures resulting from urbanization, and limitations in the adoption of agricultural technology. Dominant sensitive attributes are predicted to be related to price fluctuations, land conversion, Subak member participation, irrigation water-use efficiency, and access to technological innovations. Based on these findings, several development scenarios are formulated, emphasizing institutional strengthening, improved farming efficiency, and the integration of local wisdom values with the demands of modern agriculture.
Production efficiency and economic feasibility of greenhouse-based paprika farming in Bali, Indonesia
This study examines the financial feasibility of greenhouse-based paprika farming (Capsicum annuum L.) in Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, Bali, Indonesia, an area characterized by highland agroclimatic conditions that are conducive to the development of high-value horticultural commodities. The study primarily focuses on evaluating technical efficiency, business profitability, and the resilience of the farming system to potential declines in production output. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to assess production efficiency, along with investment feasibility analysis using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Net Benefit–Cost Ratio (Net B/C) indicators. Primary data were collected from 35 greenhouse paprika farmers through structured questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data were obtained from relevant institutions and supporting literature. The results indicate that the majority of farmers have not yet achieved optimal technical efficiency, with 29 out of 35 farmers (82.86%) recording technical efficiency scores below 0.90. Despite this condition, greenhouse paprika farming in the study area is financially viable, as reflected by a positive NPV of IDR 666,825,125.30, an IRR of 23.93%, and a Net B/C ratio of 1.27. These indicators demonstrate the enterprise’s capacity to generate economic surplus and provide satisfactory investment returns. Sensitivity analysis further reveals that the farming system remains viable under output reductions of up to 25%. However, financial feasibility cannot be sustained when output declines exceed this threshold or occur simultaneously with increases in major input costs, as indicated by IRR and Net B/C values falling below acceptable feasibility levels. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing production factor utilization and implementing effective farm management strategies to mitigate production risks. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence to support decision-making by farmers, local governments, and stakeholders in promoting the sustainable development of greenhouse-based paprika agribusiness.
How proactive personality enhances career adaptability: The mediating role of thriving at work
This study aims to examine the effect of proactive personality on career adaptability by investigating the mediating role of thriving at work among civil servants holding functional positions in the Government of Bangli Regency, Indonesia. A quantitative research design with a survey method was employed. The sample consisted of 209 civil servants selected from the local government environment of Bangli Regency. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive analysis and inferential statistical techniques using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS version 4.1.1.4. Hypotheses were tested using a bootstrapping procedure with a one-tailed test at a 5 percent significance level to examine both direct and indirect relationships among the research variables. The results indicate that proactive personality has a positive and significant effect on career adaptability. In addition, proactive personality positively and significantly influences thriving at work. Furthermore, thriving at work is found to have a positive and significant effect on career adaptability. The mediation analysis reveals that thriving at work significantly mediates the relationship between proactive personality and career adaptability. These findings suggest that individuals with a proactive disposition are more capable of developing career adaptability when they experience a work environment characterized by vitality and continuous learning.
Identifying regional growth centers for balanced spatial development: Evidence from Badung Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia
This study examines the determination of regional growth centers in supporting spatial development in Badung Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. The research aims to identify leading economic sectors, determine sub-districts with potential as growth centers, and analyze spatial interactions among sub-districts. A quantitative approach was employed using Klassen typology analysis, scalogram analysis, and gravity model analysis to assess regional economic performance, service capacity, and inter-regional linkages. The findings reveal that the accommodation and food service sector, along with the transportation sector, contributes significantly to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Badung Regency. Based on the combined analytical results, Kuta, North Kuta, and Mengwi sub-districts are identified as primary growth centers, characterized by advanced economic performance and higher service hierarchies. Meanwhile, Abiansemal and Petang function as hinterland areas that depend on the core regions for economic activities and service access. The gravity analysis indicates strong spatial interactions between growth centers and surrounding areas, suggesting the presence of economic spillover effects that potentially promote more balanced regional development. This study contributes to regional planning literature by providing an integrated analytical framework for growth center identification at the sub-regional level. The results offer empirical evidence to support more strategic, spatially oriented, and sustainable regional development policies in tourism-driven economies.
Agricultural macroeconomics on the Regional Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) growth of Bali Province
This study aims to examine the impact of macroeconomic policies on the growth of the agricultural sector’s Regional Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) in Bali Province. The research adopts a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis based on time-series data. The variables analyzed include income, household consumption, agricultural sector investment, government expenditure, net exports, and agricultural labor. Data were processed using EViews software, incorporating classical assumption tests, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficient of determination analysis. The findings indicate that, simultaneously, all variables significantly influence the growth of the agricultural sector’s RGDP. Partially, agricultural investment, government expenditure, and agricultural labor demonstrate significant effects, whereas household consumption and net exports are found to be statistically insignificant. Structural constraints, particularly limited land availability and production capacity, limit the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies in fully stimulating agricultural output growth. The study concludes that the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies in promoting agricultural sector growth remains constrained by structural challenges within the sector. Therefore, policy directions should prioritize productivity enhancement, agricultural land protection, and labor capacity strengthening to achieve more sustainable agricultural growth.
Determinants of digital gold investment decisions: The role of digital financial literacy, risk aversion, and financial well-being
This study aims to analyze the influence of digital financial literacy and risk aversion on digital gold investment decisions, with financial well-being acting as a mediating variable among Pegadaian Digital Gold Savings customers in Bali Province, Indonesia. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected from customers who use Pegadaian’s Digital Gold Savings service. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the relationships between constructs and the mediating role of financial well-being. The measurement and structural models were evaluated through validity, reliability, coefficient of determination, and predictive relevance tests. The results indicate that digital financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial well-being and digital gold investment decisions. Risk aversion significantly influences financial well-being but does not directly affect investment decisions. However, financial well-being fully mediates the relationship between risk aversion and investment decisions and partially mediates the effect of digital financial literacy on investment decisions. The model demonstrates strong explanatory power and good predictive relevance. These findings suggest that improving digital financial literacy and strengthening financial well-being are key factors in encouraging the adoption of digital gold investment. The results provide important implications for Pegadaian and financial regulators in designing financial education programs and digital financial services aimed at enhancing customers’ financial well-being.
Stock return analysis of food consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the Post-COVID-19 pandemic period
This study aims to examine the influence of financial ratios, including Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Assets (ROA), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), and Price to Book Value (PBV), on stock returns in the food consumer goods sector. This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from companies’ annual financial reports and stock price data published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression to test the partial and simultaneous effects of financial ratios on stock returns. The results show that the Current Ratio (CR) and Price to Book Value (PBV) have a positive and significant effect on stock returns. Return on Assets (ROA) has a negative and significant effect on stock returns, while Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Total Asset Turnover (TATO) do not have a significant effect on stock returns of food consumer goods companies during the research period. The findings indicate that company liquidity and market valuation are the most influential factors affecting stock returns in the food consumer goods sector. Therefore, investors are advised to consider company liquidity conditions and market valuation before making investment decisions, while companies are expected to improve their financial performance to maintain investor confidence.
Anak Agung Ngurah Surya Yuda Pratama Wibawa
A study on the management of experiential learning activities in primary schools from a participatory approach
This study examines the management of experiential learning activities in primary schools from a participatory approach, with particular reference to the Vietnamese educational context. Drawing on a qualitative literature review methodology, the study synthesizes research published between 2010 and 2025 from major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify key patterns related to management actors, management processes, and supporting conditions. The findings reveal that participatory management is characterized by the involvement of multiple stakeholders, including school leaders, teachers, students, parents, and community members. The management process is structured across three interconnected phases: pre-activity planning, in-activity implementation, and post-activity evaluation, all of which benefit from active stakeholder participation. In addition, effective management depends on enabling conditions such as policy alignment, resource availability, and the integration of digital technologies. The study highlights that, despite policy support in Vietnam, experiential learning activities are often implemented in a top-down manner with limited stakeholder engagement. Based on the findings, several implications are proposed, including strengthening participatory leadership, institutionalizing stakeholder involvement, adopting a process-oriented management approach, and improving supporting conditions. The study contributes to the development of a conceptual understanding of participatory management in experiential learning and provides directions for future research and practice in primary education.
E-Berpadu at Military Court III-14 Denpasar in the path dependency perspective
Digital transformation in the judicial sector has become an essential agenda in improving the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of public services. In Indonesia, the Supreme Court has introduced various digital innovations to modernize case administration, one of which is the Integrated Criminal Case Management System (E-Berpadu). Although this system has been widely implemented in general courts, its application in the military court environment faces institutional and procedural challenges due to the distinctive characteristics of the military justice system. This study aims to analyze the implementation of E-Berpadu in the Military Court III-14 Denpasar using the perspective of path dependency to understand how institutional trajectories influence digital transformation within the military justice system. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and document analysis involving judges, registrars, and related legal institutions within the military justice ecosystem. The findings show that the implementation of E-Berpadu is influenced by three main stages of path dependency: critical juncture, self-reinforcing sequence, and adaptive expectation. The COVID-19 pandemic and the digital reform agenda of the Supreme Court functioned as critical junctures that encouraged digital adoption. Subsequently, coordination among military legal institutions reinforced the institutional pathway toward digital case management. However, adaptation remains necessary due to differences between general criminal procedure and military criminal procedure, resulting in partial utilization of certain system modules. Despite limitations such as limited IT resources, infrastructure gaps, and institutional coordination challenges, the implementation of E-Berpadu has gradually formed a new institutional pathway toward digital-based military judicial administration.
The role of gamification in enhancing mobile payment adoption intention among Generation Z: An integrated UTAUT2 and risk perspective
This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the effects of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and perceived risk on individuals’ intention to adopt mobile payment, as well as to examine the moderating role of gamification in the relationships among these variables among Generation Z in Bali. This research employs a quantitative associative approach by distributing online questionnaires to 167 Generation Z respondents in Bali Province using purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the assistance of SmartPLS software. The latent variables identified include performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and perceived risk as exogenous variables; behavioral intention as the endogenous variable; and gamification as the moderating variable. The results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions have a positive and significant effect on individuals’ intention to use mobile payment. Conversely, perceived risk has a negative and significant effect on adoption intention. A key finding of this study is that gamification positively moderates the relationships between all independent variables and mobile payment usage intention. Technically, game elements such as points and interactive challenges act as a multiplier effect that strengthens rational driving factors while simultaneously serving as a psychological mitigation mechanism to reduce perceived risk barriers.
Assessing the sustainability of arabica coffee farming: Evidence from Subak Abian Suka Maju in Bali, Indonesia
This study aimed to analyze the sustainability status of Arabica coffee farming in Subak Abian Suka Maju, Landih Village, Bangli Regency, Bali Province, identify sensitive sustainability attributes, and formulate sustainability improvement strategies using Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis (MSA) and Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). A mixed qualitative–quantitative approach was employed using purposive sampling involving 11 key informants, including farmer group leaders, village officials, agricultural extension officers, and farmers. Data were collected through observations, interviews, focus group discussions, questionnaires, and documentation. The sustainability assessment covered ecological, economic, socio-cultural, institutional, and technological dimensions using the MSA approach with the Exsimpro application. The results showed that the overall sustainability index reached 62.53, categorized as sustainable. The sustainability values for ecology, economy, socio-cultural, institutional, and technology dimensions were 66.89, 62.14, 60.20, 60.20, and 63.22, respectively. Sensitive attributes influencing sustainability included coffee plant maintenance systems, soil organic matter, financial institutions, product value addition, market access, agricultural extension services, institutional legality, pest and disease management, certified seedlings, and harvesting methods. Furthermore, the ISM analysis identified coffee plant maintenance systems, access to extension and training, and financial institutions as the main driving variables with high driver power and low dependence. The integration of MSA and ISM demonstrated that sustainability constraints were structurally interconnected and influenced by weak supporting systems. Sustainability improvement can be achieved through integrated interventions focusing on cultivation management, farmer training, financial access, and coffee product value addition.
The views of Karl Marx and Erich from on human nature and their application to human education in Vietnam today
This paper analyzes and compares the views of Karl Marx and Erich Fromm on human nature and examines their implications for contemporary education in Vietnam. Marx emphasizes the role of social relations, labor, and the process of overcoming alienation in shaping human development. Fromm extends this perspective by highlighting existential needs, inner freedom, and the development of creative individuality. By synthesizing these perspectives, the study proposes an educational approach that integrates social practice with humanistic values, aiming to foster autonomy, creativity, and social responsibility. The findings contribute to rethinking educational reform in Vietnam in the context of globalization and digital transformation.
Income, food expenditure, and household food consumption: Evidence from urban communities in Denpasar City
This study examines the influence of income and food prices on household food consumption among urban communities in Denpasar. The study aims to analyze the partial and simultaneous effects of income and food commodity prices on household food consumption behavior. The research employed econometric and statistical testing approaches to evaluate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The findings indicate that income, rice prices, poultry meat prices, ruminant meat prices, and family size have a significant effect on household food consumption. Meanwhile, the prices of corn, sugar, eggs, onions, and chili do not show a significant influence on household food consumption. Simultaneously, all variables related to income and food prices significantly affect household food consumption. These findings suggest that economic factors, particularly household income and strategic food commodity prices, play an important role in shaping food consumption patterns in urban areas. This study is expected to provide practical insights and policy recommendations for local governments and stakeholders in formulating food security and price stabilization policies in Denpasar City.
The role of foreign direct investment in local economic growth: Evidence from Say Nha Bu Ly Province, Laos
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has become an increasingly important driver of economic growth and structural transformation in developing economies. In recent decades, many developing countries have implemented investment liberalization policies to attract foreign capital, promote industrialization, and enhance regional development. In Laos, FDI has played a significant role in supporting economic modernization, infrastructure development, employment creation, and international economic integration. Against this background, the Lao government has increasingly emphasized the importance of attracting foreign investment to stimulate local economic development and reduce regional disparities. This study examines the role of FDI in promoting local economic growth in Say Nha Bu Ly Province, Laos, during the period 2010–2025. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining statistical analysis, comparative analysis, and secondary data analysis based on provincial reports, national statistics, and international databases. The study evaluates the contributions of FDI to regional economic performance and identifies the major limitations affecting investment effectiveness. The findings indicate that FDI has contributed positively to Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) growth, employment generation, industrial restructuring, infrastructure development, and government revenue in Say Nha Bu Ly Province. Foreign-invested enterprises have become important contributors to industrial production and economic expansion. However, the study also reveals several challenges, including uneven sectoral distribution of investment, limited technology transfer, low labor quality, and weak spillover effects on domestic enterprises and local industries. The study concludes that improving infrastructure systems, enhancing human resource quality, strengthening local governance, and implementing development-oriented investment policies are essential for increasing the effectiveness and sustainability of FDI in local economic development. The findings provide important policy implications for promoting high-quality and sustainable foreign investment in developing provincial economies.
Interdisciplinary teaching as a strategy for developing digital competence in primary school teachers
Digital competence has become an essential professional requirement for primary school teachers in the context of educational digital transformation. At the same time, interdisciplinary teaching has increasingly been recognized as an innovative pedagogical approach that supports integrated learning and professional collaboration. This study investigates the role of interdisciplinary teaching as a strategy for developing digital competence among primary school teachers through a qualitative documentary research approach. Secondary data were collected from books, peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and academic publications indexed in Scopus and Web of Science between 2020 and 2025. The study employed qualitative content analysis to identify major themes related to digital competence frameworks, interdisciplinary instructional practices, technology integration, professional development, and implementation challenges. The findings indicate that interdisciplinary teaching contributes significantly to the enhancement of teachers’ technological, pedagogical, collaborative, and reflective competencies. In addition, interdisciplinary approaches encourage innovation, learner-centered instruction, and professional adaptability in digitally transformed educational environments. However, several barriers remain, including insufficient technological infrastructure, limited professional training, workload pressures, and institutional constraints. The study suggests that educational institutions should strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration and provide continuous professional support to promote sustainable digital competence development among primary school teachers.
Fostering Montessori-oriented educational innovation from preschool to lower secondary education
Montessori-oriented educational innovation has attracted increasing attention in contemporary education because of its emphasis on learner-centered instruction, experiential learning, and holistic learner development. This study explores Montessori-oriented educational innovation from preschool to lower secondary education through a qualitative documentary research approach. The research relied on secondary data collected from academic books, peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and official educational documents indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. The findings indicate that Montessori pedagogy contributes positively to learners’ independence, creativity, collaboration, problem-solving ability, and active participation in learning processes. The study also highlights the important role of teacher professional competence, prepared learning environments, and flexible instructional practices in implementing Montessori-oriented education effectively. In the Vietnamese context, the findings suggest that Montessori-oriented educational innovation aligns closely with current competency-based educational reform and learner-centered teaching approaches. However, challenges related to teacher training, educational resources, classroom organization, and examination-oriented practices continue to affect implementation. The study provides several implications for promoting learner-centered educational innovation and improving educational quality across different educational levels in Vietnam.
Experiential STEM education as a pathway to enhancing problem-solving skills in primary schools
Experiential STEM education has become an important educational approach for developing problem-solving skills and learner competencies in primary education. This study examined the role of experiential STEM activities in enhancing problem-solving skills among primary school students in Vietnam. The research employed a mixed-methods approach combining classroom observation, semi-structured interviews, and a survey involving 115 primary school teachers in Hanoi. The findings indicate that experiential STEM education positively influences students’ creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and learning engagement. Teachers reported that interdisciplinary STEM activities created more active and learner-centered classroom environments in which students could apply knowledge to practical situations and participate directly in problem-solving processes. The study also identified several challenges affecting STEM implementation, including limited teacher training, insufficient instructional resources, and large class sizes. The findings suggest the importance of strengthening teacher professional development and institutional support in order to improve the effectiveness of experiential STEM education in Vietnamese primary schools.
The effect of humble leadership on employee agility: The mediating role of work self-efficacy
This study aims to examine the effect of humble leadership on employee agility, with work self-efficacy serving as a mediating variable, at an ministry of environment in Regional Office for Ministry Environment of Bali and Nusa Tenggara. A quantitative research approach was employed using a census sampling technique involving 82 employees. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings reveal that humble leadership has a positive and significant effect on both employee agility and work self-efficacy. Furthermore, work self-efficacy positively and significantly influences employee agility. The mediation analysis indicates that work self-efficacy partially complementary mediates the relationship between humble leadership and employee agility. These findings suggest that humble leadership, characterized by openness, appreciation of employees’ contributions, and willingness to acknowledge limitations, plays a crucial role in fostering adaptive and agile employees through enhanced psychological confidence at work. This study contributes to the organizational behavior literature by providing empirical evidence on the psychological mechanism linking humble leadership and employee agility within the context of public sector organizations. Practically, organizations should strengthen leadership development and employee psychological capacity to enhance workforce agility in dynamic work environments.
Evaluating the effectiveness of government rice seed subsidies in supporting agricultural sustainability
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Rice Seed Subsidy Program based on the Five Accuracy Principles (right type, quantity, place, price, and timing) within the institutional framework of the Subak system in Subak Penarungan, Mengwi District, Badung Regency, Indonesia. The study also analyzes the gap between farmers’ expectations (importance) and perceptions (performance) using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) approach and examines the role of Subak institutions in supporting program implementation. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative techniques was employed. Data were collected through surveys involving 81 respondents and supported by interviews and documentation. The analysis was conducted using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Cartesian quadrant mapping to identify priority areas for improvement. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of the program is categorized as good; however, it has not fully met farmers’ expectations, as reflected by the average importance score of 4.85 and performance score of 4.74, resulting in a gap value of –0.11. Among the Five Accuracy dimensions, the right type dimension demonstrated the highest performance, whereas the right timing dimension showed the lowest. All assessed attributes revealed negative gap values, indicating discrepancies between actual implementation and farmers’ expectations. The strengths of the program lie in seed quality and ease of distribution, while weaknesses are associated with quantity accuracy, cost efficiency, supply continuity, timeliness, and institutional responsiveness. Although Subak institutions play an important role in coordinating and distributing subsidized seeds, improvements in administrative capacity and responsiveness remain necessary. The study concludes that program effectiveness can be enhanced through updating land-based demand data, synchronizing distribution schedules with planting seasons, strengthening information systems, improving cost efficiency, and reinforcing a more responsive and participatory institutional role of Subak.
Assessing the economic contributions and investment attractiveness of the pharmaceutical sector in Vietnam
This study examined the economic contributions and investment attractiveness of Vietnam’s pharmaceutical sector using a theoretical research approach, drawing on literature review, secondary data analysis, and information synthesis. The findings indicate that the pharmaceutical industry has become an important component of Vietnam’s socioeconomic development by contributing to employment generation, healthcare improvement, industrial expansion, technology transfer, and investment attraction. The sector has evolved beyond its traditional healthcare function and is increasingly serving as a strategic industry, supporting broader economic growth and national competitiveness. The findings suggest that Vietnam’s pharmaceutical industry possesses significant potential to become a stronger contributor to national economic development and an increasingly attractive destination for investment. Future research may extend this theoretical analysis through empirical studies and quantitative assessments to provide more comprehensive evidence regarding the relationship between pharmaceutical development, economic performance, and investment outcomes in Vietnam.
Determinants of consumer purchase decisions in coffee shops: The role of product quality, price, café atmosphere, and service quality
This study aims to analyze consumer perceptions and examine the direct and indirect effects of product quality, price, café atmosphere, and service quality on purchase decisions through the mediating role of customer satisfaction. A quantitative explanatory approach was employed using a survey of 100 consumers of modern coffee shops in Denpasar City, Indonesia, selected through purposive-accidental sampling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The descriptive findings indicate that perceptions of price and purchase decisions were categorized as high, while product quality, café atmosphere, service quality, and customer satisfaction were perceived at a moderate level. Inferential analysis reveals that all independent variables exert significant positive effects on both customer satisfaction and purchase decisions. Café atmosphere emerged as the strongest predictor of customer satisfaction (β = 0.489; f² = 0.553), whereas price represented the strongest direct determinant of purchase decisions (β = 0.246). Customer satisfaction functioned as a complementary partial mediator, with the strongest mediating effect observed in the café atmosphere pathway (60.3%). The structural model explained 57.4% of the variance in customer satisfaction and 65.4% of the variance in purchase decisions. The findings suggest that purchase decisions are shaped by two simultaneous mechanisms: a transactional pathway driven by price efficiency and an experiential pathway reinforced through affective satisfaction. This study also identifies the presence of spurious loyalty, in which frequent visits are not necessarily accompanied by strong emotional commitment. Therefore, coffee shop managers should prioritize servicescape optimization, product consistency, and personalized service to foster sustainable customer retention.