Determination of sustainability status and sensitive factors in clove farming
Keywords:
Subak Abian, sustainability, clove farming, agribusiness, MSA, Tri Hita KaranaAbstract
Changes in socio-economic conditions and the advancement of agricultural technology have created challenges to the sustainability of clove farming in Madenan Village, Tejakula District, Buleleng Regency. This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of clove farming within the Subak Abian system and to identify the sensitive factors influencing its sustainability. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and literature reviews. The data were analyzed using the Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis (MSA) method, which encompasses five dimensions: ecological, economic, socio-cultural, institutional, and technological. The results reveal that the sustainability index value of clove farming in Subak Abian is 57.09, indicating a sustainable category. Each dimension exhibits varying levels of sustainability: ecological (39.29 – low sustainable), economic (62.50 – sustainable), socio-cultural (70.29 – sustainable), institutional (56.25 – sustainable), and technological (57.14 – sustainable). The sensitive factors influencing sustainability include farmers’ understanding of soil and water conservation, payment systems for harvested products, the existence of social farmer groups, agricultural extension and machinery support institutions, and the adoption of cultivation technologies—particularly the one-shoot (single-bud) pruning method. Scenario analysis suggests that the most effective improvements can be achieved through Scenario 2 for the ecological and institutional dimensions, and Scenario 1 for the economic, socio-cultural, and technological dimensions. Recommended strategies include strengthening farmers’ knowledge of soil and water conservation, enhancing fair and transparent clove marketing systems, reactivating agricultural extension and farmer cooperative institutions, and expanding the adoption of modern cultivation technologies adapted to local conditions. These efforts are expected to foster a resilient, competitive, and sustainable clove farming system in alignment with the Tri Hita Karana philosophy and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goals 1, 2, 8, 12, and 15.
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