Assessing the sustainability of arabica coffee farming: Evidence from Subak Abian Suka Maju in Bali, Indonesia
Keywords:
Arabica coffee, sustainability, MSA, ISM, BaliAbstract
This study aimed to analyze the sustainability status of Arabica coffee farming in Subak Abian Suka Maju, Landih Village, Bangli Regency, Bali Province, identify sensitive sustainability attributes, and formulate sustainability improvement strategies using Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis (MSA) and Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). A mixed qualitative–quantitative approach was employed using purposive sampling involving 11 key informants, including farmer group leaders, village officials, agricultural extension officers, and farmers. Data were collected through observations, interviews, focus group discussions, questionnaires, and documentation. The sustainability assessment covered ecological, economic, socio-cultural, institutional, and technological dimensions using the MSA approach with the Exsimpro application. The results showed that the overall sustainability index reached 62.53, categorized as sustainable. The sustainability values for ecology, economy, socio-cultural, institutional, and technology dimensions were 66.89, 62.14, 60.20, 60.20, and 63.22, respectively. Sensitive attributes influencing sustainability included coffee plant maintenance systems, soil organic matter, financial institutions, product value addition, market access, agricultural extension services, institutional legality, pest and disease management, certified seedlings, and harvesting methods. Furthermore, the ISM analysis identified coffee plant maintenance systems, access to extension and training, and financial institutions as the main driving variables with high driver power and low dependence. The integration of MSA and ISM demonstrated that sustainability constraints were structurally interconnected and influenced by weak supporting systems. Sustainability improvement can be achieved through integrated interventions focusing on cultivation management, farmer training, financial access, and coffee product value addition.
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